First-generation graduates in India: the unfinished mobility story

A growing share of India's young people are the first in their household to complete a college degree. The transition from a degree to a wage job is uneven, and the supports — counselling, placements, soft-skills training — are unevenly distributed.

India has 36 states and union territories and roughly eight hundred districts. Of a total population of about 140.13 crore, 41.24 crore are between 15 and 29.

A growing share of India's young people are the first in their household to complete a college degree. Their journey is rarely linear. Family financial pressure, weak career counselling, the gap between college curriculum and employer expectations, and the absence of professional networks all weigh more heavily on first-generation graduates than on their peers from graduate-headed households.

Government supports — Pradhan Mantri Vidya Lakshmi for education loans, Pradhan Mantri Yuva for entrepreneurship training, scholarship programmes under various ministries — exist but are unevenly known and unevenly accessed.

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